This study investigates the response of Reinforced Concrete (RC) voided one-way slabs under four-point bending, focusing on a novel and simple strengthening technique using embedded steel plates. Seven slab specimens were constructed with identical dimensions: 2000 × 600 × 130 mm. One specimen was a solid slab, serving as the control, while the remaining six were voided slabs. Among the voided slabs, one lacked a steel plate, and the other five were strengthened with steel plates of 1-, 2-, and 3-mm thickness. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether the steel plate could compensate for the loss of strength and mitigate the impact of reducing the slab cross-section. The unstrengthened voided slab demonstrated substantial performance degradation compared to the reference solid slab, with 57% greater deflection at service load and significant reductions in ultimate load, stiffness, ductility, and toughness of about 23. 5%, 25. 4%, 10%, and 35%, respectively. Conversely, slabs strengthened with steel plates demonstrated a notable performance improvement. This was achieved by increasing flexural stiffness and reducing deflection at service load, with reductions ranging from 16% to 32% across the strengthened specimens. The percentage increase in ultimate strength ranged from 24% to 46% compared to the unstrengthened sample. Finally, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed using ABAQUS to validate the experimental results

In this paper, an attempt has been taken to find out optimum thickness of edge-supported slabs. To arrive at optimum solution using artificial neural network based on back-propagation network, a number of architectures such as 5-15-25-35-45-55-5; 5-25-35-45-55-65-85-105-5 and 5-35-45-65-75-85-5 with different number of hidden layers and hidden nodes or neuron were tried. Among them, 5-25-35-45-55-65-85-105-5 is found to have the least errors.

Reinforced concrete slabs are one of the most frequently used blast-resistant structural elements. The RC slab behavior under blast loading is nonlinear and complicated. The maximum slab displacement differs by the amount of explosive, support conditions, steel ratio, etc. In the present paper, the maximum deflection of two-way RC slabs subjected to blast loading is studied. To this purpose, the RC slabs are replaced by SDOF equivalent systems with bilinear stiffnesses through determining the equivalent mass and stiffness. The results of comparing the analytical proposed method with the nonlinear analysis by the LS-Dyna software and the method specified by UFC 3-340-02 guideline show that in most loading conditions and slab geometries, the output of proposed method is more economical than the UFC guideline. In addition, whilst the UFC method is not applicable for all time ranges, the proposed method can determine the structural element response at any time range.

RC slabs are the structural members responsible for carrying and transferring of loads. RC slabs need to be strengthened as the result of different reasons such as changing of function and corrosion of steel bars. The most widely utilized approach in strengthening these slabs has been the usage of steel plates. However, the concern in using these plates consists of their immense weight as well as their unreliability in being properly connected to the concrete slabs. This study focuses on using punched steel plates as a strengthening factor for concrete slabs since they have reduced weight and allow easier and more reliable connection. For the purpose of experiment, two-way RC slabs with the dimensions of 120 cm and the thickness of 8 cm are strengthened through punched steel Plates and are placed under semi-concentrated load. The effect of plates’,thickness, the arrangement and the area of the punched holes and the connection type in the performance of strengthening system are studied through load-displacement graphs, and are analyzed in ductility. The results have shown that the punched strengthening plates increase loading capacity, energy absorption and the ductility of the two-way slabs up to 62%, 253% and 220% respectively. Also, it is shown that the arrangement of the holes have a significant effect on the performance of the strengthening system. Failure state control show that the failure mode in using epoxy resin is the debonding of the steel plate, while in using expansive bolt is pull out of the bolt.

In construction of concrete floors, parts of the formwork are sometimes left in place as permanent structural elements. This is to achieve a more straightforward installation procedure and to minimize the future under deck form removal. The present research work deals with, an innovative floor system consisting of hollow-tiles and steel joists. In a hollow-tile floor system, gravity loads are transferred by the slab sitting on top of the blocks to the one way joist and then to the main beams. With the proposed new system the width of the hollow block is doubled so, it is relatively lighter than an ordinary hollow-tile floor system. The joists height is slightly bigger than that in an ordinary hollow-tile floor system, however, the hollow block height remains the same. Thin plastofoams sheets are placed on top of the blocks to fill the gap. During the construction, the fresh concrete weight is carried by temporary vertical posts. After removal of temporary posts, the service loads are transferred to the T beams. This paper provides details for the application of the proposed new floor system in a steel frame building under gravity and quasi static earthquake loading. Various spans and floor thicknesses have been examined and the details are presented.

Nowadays One Way Model is one of the most attractive models in Quantum Computation which by tactful measurement on the special qubits in the cluster states, one can easily derive any special quantum gates. Producing any efficient and desirable Hamiltonian according to the necessary evolution in the cluster states also is one of the most significant issues in the Quantum Computation. In this paper in addition to the reviewing how to create any Hamiltonians in the pauli group, we have established as an example, Heisenberg Hamiltonian through One Way Model.

Optimization is an important methodology for activities in planning and design. The transportation designers are able to introduce better projects when they can save time and cost of travel for project by optimization methods. Most of the optimization problems in engineering are more complicated than they can be solved by custom optimization methods. The most common and available methods are heuristic methods. In these methods, the answer will be close to the optimum answer but it isn't the exact one. For achieving more accuracy, more time has been spent. In fact, the accuracy of response will vary based on the time spent. In this research, using the generic algorithms, one of the most effective heuristic algorithms, a method of optimization for urban streets direction will be introduced. Therefore model of decision making in considered one way - two way streets is developed. The efficiency of model in Qazvin network is shown and the results compared whit the current situation as case study. The objective function of the research is to minimize the total travel time for all users, which is one of the most used in urban networks objectives.

In a new theoretical investigation, we study light transmission through a photonic crystal (PC) slab with limited boundaries at width. By using a tight binding model, photon dispersion relation and photon Green function for a perfect system are obtained. Then, based on the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism, we calculate the effects of disordering on light transmission in the PC channel. We found that the ratio of the electric field for a defected system with respect to a perfect system at a pecu-liar frequency is maximized for the wave vector corresponding to the first Brillouin zone (BZ) edge showing photon localization. The electric field difference of the first and second neighboring sites with respect to the defect site on the first BZ edges are depicted in several plots indicating frequency dependence which can be applicable in frequency filtering or resonating cavity studies.

congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is an idiopathic postnatal over distension of an otherwise normal lung lobe leading to compression, , deviation or distortion of airways and great veins. Lobectomy, at the earliest, is lifesaving in severe symptomatic cases ...

According to statistics, risk estimation makes unusual predictions without focusing on the relevant factors and only focusing on a set of equations. In this study, we used a spreadsheet data set of time series and a new method for risk estimation. This estimation was based on a generalized dynamic factor model (GDFM) and daily data series obtained from different measures of Tehran Stock Exchange over a 10-year period during 2008 to 2018. we first utilized a generalized dynamic factor model proposed by Forni et al in order to determine statistic and dynamic factors. In the second step, by using MATLAB, we estimated the joint component of the study series as Tehran Stock Exchange risk. Next, using the generalized least squares (GLS) method, we examined the impact of each of the filtered risks on the index returns. The results showed that although both risks estimated through one-side and two-side filtering substantially and significantly explain the changes in the performance of the studied indices, but the risk estimated through two-side filtering using GDFM can explain the returns changes much better and more accurate than the one-side filter using the same model.